A study on the domestic water quality of Khmer minority communities was carried out in An Giang and Soc Trang provinces in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.

The research revealed that the exploitation and management of domestic water source differed between two provinces. Groundwater and rainwater are major domestic water sources of Khmer communities in Tri Ton and Tinh Bien District of An Giang Province, while rainwater is the most widely used domestic water form of Khmer community in Soc Trang Province.

After domestic water quality parameters, including pH, BOD5, COD, total-Fe, arsenic, hardness, E. coli, and total coliforms, were tested, the experimental data showed that the domestic water samples of Khmer communities in the two provinces contaminated by organic matter and microbial infection, which was due to living habits and low cognition about domestic water quality of the Khmer people. Thus, suggestion for the enhancement of domestic water quality is needed to improve living standard for rural Khmer minority communities.