Historically, before the introduction of high-yielding rice varieties (HYV), the traditional rice varieties (TRV) were predominant in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam (MDV). The TRV-based farming system is environment-friendly and has been existing for hundreds of years-now, it has been proven to be sustainable under increasing climate change conditions. It is well adapted to extreme weather conditions, drought, alum, saline, and nutrient-poor soils.